Ingo Arndt / Close-up of wing detail of Emperor swallowtail butterfly (Papilio ophidicephalus) Africa

Paul Harcourt Davies / Newly emerged adult Two-tailed Pasha (Charaxes jasius) Podere Montecucco. Orvieto, Umbria, Italy August

Paul Harcourt Davies / Newly emerged adult Two-tailed Pasha butterfly (Charaxes jasius) Podere Montecucco. Orvieto, Umbria, Italy August

Paul Harcourt Davies,Paul Harcourt Davies / Emergence of Two-tailed Pasha butterfly (Charaxes jasius) Podere Montecucco. Orvieto, Umbria, Italy August. Sequence 6 of 9

Paul Harcourt Davies / Emergence of Two-tailed Pasha butterfly (Charaxes jasius) Podere Montecucco. Orvieto, Umbria, Italy August. Sequence 1 of 9

Alex Hyde / Purple emperor butterfly (Apatura iris) male on English Oak (Quercus robur) leaf basking with wings open, UK, Captive.

Hans Christoph Kappel / Lesser Purple Emperor butterfly caterpillar

Hans Christoph Kappel / Lesser Purple Emperor butterfly.

David Woodfall / Purple emperor butterfly (Apatura iris) male basking on ground. Knepp Rewildling Estate, Sussex, England, UK.

David Woodfall / Purple emperor butterfly (Apatura iris) male on field maple hedge. Knepp Rewildling Estate, Sussex, England, UK.

David Woodfall / Purple emperor butterfly (Apatura iris) female with closed wings. Knepp Rewildling Estate, West Sussex, England, UK.

David Woodfall / Purple emperor butterfly (Apatura iris) male puddling. Knepp Wildland Project, formerly intensive farmland now turned to conservation and sustainable farming. Horsham, West Sussex. England, UK. June